Minecraft's map generator is impressive and it would be cool to see how it works. But...
I still think there is one that may never be surpassed in complexity and detail: Dwarf Fortress.
Despite the default graphics you'll find that it's an impressive program that generates whole worlds fairly quickly and gets better with detail as you zoom in. Hills mountains valleys forests swamps deserts, all kinds of water bodies, types of soil dirt or clay, rock layers, aquifers, what metals or minerals are where and how deep, magma, the specific plants animals and monsters, corrupted "Evil" areas...
And in adventure mode you will find all the towns and structures and paths and everything else.
It might become a full fledged world simulation. O_O